How I treat adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma

Abstract Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a highly aggressive malignancy that arises in proportion of individuals who are long-term carriers human T-lymphotropic virus type 1. The median survival subtypes 8 to 10 months; with chemotherapy-based approaches, overall has remained largely unchanged the ?35 years since ATL was first described. Through use 4 representative case studies, we highlight advances biological understanding and novel therapies such as mogamulizumab, well how they best applied different ATL. We discuss implementation molecular methods may guide diagnosis or treatment, although accept these not universally available. In particular, acknowledge discrepancies treatment between countries, reflecting current drug licensing difficulties making decisions rare disease, limited high-quality clinical trial data.